Protein in 13.5 Oz of Angus Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite moving picture characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had and then much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellowish brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and acquire more about the secrets and fun facts that make the love film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a office in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-calendar week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for beingness besides scary for audiences.
Dorothy'southward Original Await Was More Movie Star Than Farm Daughter
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device and so she looked more like a preadolescent kid.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "infant-doll" makeup (as whatever preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. Later MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies in a higher place the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread blackness ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Dice — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It'south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the textile were known at the fourth dimension, it was still Hollywood's preferred selection for simulated snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't take hold of any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'due south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Can Human being'southward) willingness to trade parts with him. The Can Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'due south makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a safety prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the await of burlap. Subsequently the movie wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'south confront that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a flare-up of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more than fear for Hamilton. On the first have, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor also early on.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwards instantly, causing second- and third-caste burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're called in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
Even so, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no 1's surprise, the American Film Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the motion picture.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Can Human Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a ninety-pound king of beasts costume, Jack Haley didn't have information technology easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" trunk and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean against a board to residuum properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new graphic symbol, the Tin Man, caused him a world of issues. Namely, the grapheme'southward silvery makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen'south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can exist heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave The states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really concur up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-pes long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and then reversed the footage to make it expect similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwards So Either
Pay inequality has always been an upshot in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalisation of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney's Snowfall White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reflect the picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'due south Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'south championship carte du jour — as the cowardly graphic symbol. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic grapheme instead.
To make a convincing animate being, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent lion peel. Withal, the arc lights used on fix fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each dark, two stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent twenty-four hours.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in Oct of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's near $50 one thousand thousand adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the movie simply earned $3 million at the box part — about $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era moving-picture show, think that Disney made $eight million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — just success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic's returns.
The Nighttime Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was but 16 years onetime when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them slumber after studios shot them upwards with adrenaline then they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her fiddling more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, java and craven soup.
The Vox of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length animated film Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-striking. Not only did the picture revolutionize the animation manufacture, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Just Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Blood-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally silverish, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'southward chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Establishment's National Museum of American History. Since the display is and so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, merely the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Withal, despite all these scenic locations, virtually all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is i of the near beloved dogs in moving-picture show history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Can Homo spouts out all of that steam.
Afterwards one of the Witch'due south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to notice one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton besides believed her graphic symbol was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'southward costume to prove kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nearly the character.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-chosen Wicked Witch relished everything she did, merely she was also a sad, lonely figure. In brusque, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked too takes this arroyo to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Dissimilar Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed equally Dorothy, Scarecrow, Can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different colour" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Clot-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flight monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To go along upwardly with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since virtually of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morn — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Picture
The moving picture is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the neat fortune of being responsible for some of the almost quoted lines in movie history besides. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the listing.
"Pay no attention to that human behind the drape" was voted #24, while "There's no place like dwelling house" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I take a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the picture show is incredible. Like the "equus caballus of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the crimson slippers from the young girl's feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to make it look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was role fun and part trouble-solving for filmmakers. In guild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oft heated the set upwardly to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, peculiarly in colorized form. For instance, the white office of Dorothy'south apparel is actually pink — simply considering information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited virtually? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Due east Makes More than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived possessor of the ruddy slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the Due east — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her chamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the carmine slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Flick's Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cutting of the picture clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing past today'due south Marvel film standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Later on cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy'due south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Can Man becomes a man beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Simply not anybody thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the movie's starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'due south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing tour the mean solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a pocket-size syntactical simulated pas?
It's widely believed this was a fleck of a stunt washed to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History'south Nearly-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, another moving-picture show released the aforementioned year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box part. (Y'all may have heard of that piddling movie — it's called Gone with the Current of air.) Nonetheless, MGM'south musical fantasy may take more than staying power than other films of the era, thank you in part to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on November iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It'south believed that The Wizard of Oz is ane of the x almost-watched feature-length movies in movie history, largely due to the number of annual telly screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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